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The ancient city of Megara was built in a fertile region with easy and rapid access to two fortified ports, Nisaea on the Saronic Gulf and Pagae on the Gulf of Corinth. It extended around the two acropolises of Alkathos and Karia. Megara flourished from the 8th to the 7th c. BC, developing significant commercial and colonizing activity. The 6th c. BC was a difficult period for the city, since it experienced the tyranny of Theagenes which was followed by the troubled periods of “moderate regime” (periodos sofrosynis) or oligarchy and “radical democracy” (akolastos dimokratia), as they are called in the ancient sources.
